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D
Depression

A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It affects
the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one
thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood. It is
not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wished away.
People with a depressive illness cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get
better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate
treatment, however, can help most people who suffer from depression.

--National Institute of Mental Health
Down Syndrome

Down syndrome is usually caused by an error in cell division called non-disjunction.
However, two other types of chromosomal abnormalities, mosaicism and translocation,
are also implicated in Down syndrome - although to a much lesser extent. Regardless of
the type of Down syndrome which a person may have, all people with Down syndrome
have an extra, critical portion of the number 21 chromosome present in all, or some, of
their cells. This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes
the characteristics associated with the syndrome.